Here”™s how it starts: a buyer approaches an owner and offers to
buy the business. The owner, who has been thinking about selling, is interested, but doesn”™t know if the offer is good enough to take. Meanwhile, the buyer starts to put pressure on the owner for an answer. What should the owner do now?
In considering whether to accept the offer, it’s helpful to consider the pros and cons.
PROS
Ӣ Speed and simplicity. The buyer is interested, and the dialogue has already begun.
”¢ Confidentiality. An owner may be able to sell the business without alerting the market or the employees about the fact that the business is “on the block.”
Ӣ No investment banking fees. You are speaking directly to the potential buyer.
CONS
Ӣ May not be completely ready. Because the offer was unsolicited, your company may not show as well.
Ӣ A single, direct negotiation. This is unlikely to attract the highest value for the ownerӪs business.
THE BETTER COURSE
If the owner wants fair value for the business, negotiating with only one potential buyer is almost always the wrong path to take. The best way to get higher value for a company is to create a competitive bidding environment. As investment bankers, we have a vested interest in convincing business owners to conduct a competitive auction. However, a business owner typically realizes transaction proceeds 10 percent to 100 percent higher in a competitive process vs. a single directed conversation, with the majority ranging from 15 percent to 40 percent higher. An independent study based on a sample of 3,281 transactions determined that the median improvement in value for a private company hiring an M&A adviser is 24.6 percent.
Because the buyer in a one-on-one negotiation knows there are no other bidders, that party has a lower incentive to compromise, even if a good relationship exists between the owner and the buyer. That is why buyers all want deals that no one else knows about. When private equity firms pitch investors, they commonly boast of this “proprietary deal flow” because it implies a higher potential return on investment.
Even if the offer seems like a fair value at the start of the process, a solo buyer typically takes a harder stance on critical elements of the negotiation such as how much of the purchase price will be in up-front cash, the terms of any earn-out or how to treat working capital.
COMMUNICATING TO THE BUYER
Usually we convince the owner to create a competitive bidding process. It”™s critical to communicate diplomatically with the original bidder who remains a very likely buyer. The goal is for the owners to express appreciation for the unsolicited offer but indicate that they need further time to think it through and that they will reach back out to the buyer in the near term. There is no need at this time to indicate that they have initiated a competitive auction.
The buyer may accept this explanation patiently or they may pressure the owner to proceed now, imposing a time limit. Otherwise, they will go out and look for another target.
While not a sure thing, we usually find that if a buyer is interested now they will be interested in a few months. Furthermore, a threat ”” either veiled or open ”” is not a good omen for either the negotiation or the relationship after the deal closes.
STARTING THE AUCTION PROCESS
The first step is to engage an investment banker. There are many capable and qualified boutique firms operating throughout the country.
There are three critical questions an owner should ask:
Ӣ Is the investment banking firm registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)?
”¢ Is its primary focus M&A advisory work, rather than work which they do “on the side?”
Ӣ Does the banker have a good reputation with advisors whom the owner trusts: the attorney, commercial banker, accountant or wealth management professional?
The investment banker will start off by estimating a market value, which may differ significantly from the original offer. Then the banker will position the company, identifying key investment rationale for financial buyers, such as private equity firms, and for strategic buyers, such as competitors already in the market or in adjacent markets.
One of the most important steps is identifying weaknesses. In the same way that a seller repairs a house before putting it on the market, the owner should address potential flaws prior to showing the company to potential buyers.
ENTERING THE MARKET
The investment banker will then prepare marketing materials for the company and identify a list of potential buyers, including the initial bidder. The owner then re-engages directly, explaining that, because of the obligation the owners owe to their families, employees and other shareholders, they have hired an investment banker to run a competitive process and get the best value for the company. Once the dialogue is re-started, the banker takes over and integrates the original buyer into the auction process with all of the other potential bidders.
Turning away a buyer who is ready to open the checkbook is difficult intellectually and emotionally. But sellers usually come out significantly ahead when they run a competitive process. By managing a well-run process, an investment banker generates a significantly higher value for business owners looking for an exit.
“Ask the Investment Banker” is a new column where two veteran entrepreneurs and investment bankers address what is most impacting our region”™s small and mid-size business owners.
Rubin can be reached at 203-745-0272 or jrubin@westburygroup.com. Yang can be contacted at 203-803-4470 or ted@westburygroup.com.
